According to Teed, the first report of osteoma in the literature was by Veiga in 1586. There was no satisfactory explanation of its etiology. True osteomas may occur in the mastoid and temporal bone, but they are relatively rare. These tumors are benign, slow growing and composed predominantly of mature bone. Treatment is indicated for symptomatic osteoma. The authors experienced a case of osteoma of the temporal bone which had revealed a progressive posterior auricular swelling, obstructed bony ear canal, chronic ear discharge and hearing loss in right ear for about 18ys.